What is the difference between a plasmid and a vector? #Everyone is a writer

Q: What is the difference between a plasmid and a vector?


     Plasmids are circular molecules of DNA that are present in the bacterial cell, but are not part genomic DNA (extra chromosoamal). Plasmids almost always carry one or more genes, and often these genes are responsible for a useful characteristic displayed by the host bacterium.  Plasmid size can be varied from less than 1.0 kb to more than 200 kb, but the number of plasmid in a cell is a constant from generation to generation. All plasmids contain an ori (origin of replication) and the plasmids usually provide the host organism with resistance to antibiotics.For example, the ability to survive in normally toxic concentrations of antibiotics such as chloramphenicol or ampicillin is often due to the presence in the bacterium of a plasmid carrying antibiotic resistance genes. In the laboratory, antibiotic resistance is often used as a selectable marker to ensure that bacteria in a culture contain a particular plasmid.

      Vector  is a manipulated/artificially synthesized DNA after ligation and digestion reaction series. Vectors can be plasmids also but there are vectors which are not plasmids. Vectors are self replicating and are capable to receive a DNA fragment that can be used to deliver the DNA fragment into a host cell for cloning. The most commonly used cloning vectors are E. coli plasmids, small circular DNA molecules that include three functional regions: (1) an origin of replication, (2) a drug-resistance gene, and (3) a region where DNA can be inserted without interfering with plasmid replication or expression of the drug-resistance gene.


Difference between vector and plasmid

  1. Vector can be derived from a plasmid.
  2. Vector is an artificially synthesized/ manipulated DNA whereas a plasmid naturally occurs in bacterial cells.
  3.  There are several vectors, which can be used in recombinant DNA, whereas all plasmids may not be used directly in recombinant DNA technology.
  4. Vector is artificially incorporated into a cell, whereas plasmid is naturally occurring in a cell.

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