Immune functions are not unique to hematopoietic cells, as many other cell types display basic mechanisms of pathogen defense [1-3]. The epithelium, made by epithelial cells, constitute the structure of tissues and organs in the mammalian body, creating the internal and external ...Learn More

The previous article on precision medicine was focused on Pharmacogenomics as a fundamental aspect of cancer therapeutics. In this sequel, emphasis would be on the role of immuno-oncology in personalization of cancer therapy, citing anti PD therapy as an example with hypothetical ...Learn More

The American Cancer society defines immunotherapy as a treatment that uses a person’s own immune system to fight cancer, either boosting or changing how the immune system works so it can target and eliminate cancer cells. In recent years a wide variety of immunotherapies has ...Learn More

Recommend a paper studying for an engineered bacteria (E. coil) for anti-tumor immunity. http://www.nature.com/articles/s414467-020-16602-0

Treponema pallidum is the bacteria that causes the STD Syphilis. And while Syphilis is well-known, there is no vaccine for it and reinfection is possible. Why is this?New Research by the University of Washington reveals that Treponema pallidum avoids immune detection by modifying ...Learn More