Many questions remain in relation to the current COVID-19 pandemic. When vaccines will be available? Which vaccine(s) will prove most efficacious? Will either natural infection or vaccines lead to long lasting protection? Among these unresolved issues, how to achieve herd immunity ...Learn More

Antigen Strategy for Successful Antibody ProductionChoosing the proper antigen is one of the most important decisions you will make as you begin your custom antibody project. If you are not sure where to begin, start by considering the nature of your target protein, as well as ...Learn More

Polyclonal vs Monoclonal AntibodiesThe first step in identifying the optimal antibody production strategy or service to meet your needs is to decide whether you are better served with a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody. The general advantages and disadvantages of each are ...Learn More

Cyclization of peptides has been shown to be an important tool for structure-activity studies and drug development. The ring structure of cyclic peptides can be formed through four strategies, as shown in figure 1, including “head-to-tail cyclization” ”head-to-side chain ...Learn More

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are synthetic nucleic acid analogs, which were first synthesized in 1991 by Peter E. Nielsen and colleagues. As shown in figure 1, unlike DNA and RNA, the phosphate sugar backbone of PNA is replaced by repeating N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine units. ...Learn More