Fermentation is a biochemical process that involves the conversion of sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol using microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, or fungi. This natural process has been harnessed for thousands of years in various industries, including food and beverage, ...Learn More

IntroductionPEGylation, the process of attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to therapeutic molecules, has become a cornerstone in pharmaceutical development. This technique improves the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, enhancing their stability, ...Learn More

Fluorinated building blocks are specialized chemical compounds that contain fluorine atoms and serve as key intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and advanced materials. Due to the unique properties of fluorine—such as high electronegativity, small ...Learn More

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus family, is one of the most common viruses in humans, infecting more than 90% of the global population at some point in their lives. While many individuals remain asymptomatic or experience mild symptoms, EBV can lead to ...Learn More

Antibiotics have revolutionized the way we combat infections, marking a significant milestone in modern medicine since the discovery of penicillin in 1943. These secondary metabolites, produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, serve as chemical agents ...Learn More