Flow cytometry has become one of the most powerful tools for dissecting the immune system, and nowhere is it more indispensable than in identifying lymphoid lineages. Whether you’re profiling human PBMCs, sorting murine splenocytes, or tracking immune development in engineered ...Learn More

Few molecules in immunology embody contradiction as vividly as TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4). On one hand, it is the sentinel that saves us from deadly Gram-negative infections by detecting LPS with remarkable precision. On the other, the same receptor can drive chronic ...Learn More

Post-translational modifications orchestrate many of the cell’s most intricate signaling events. Among these, SUMOylation—the covalent attachment of SUMO protein to target substrates—stands out as a versatile mechanism regulating protein localization, stability, and ...Learn More

In the intricate ballet of reproduction, countless molecular interactions determine whether life begins—or fails to. Among these unsung molecular actors, SPAM1 (Sperm Adhesion Molecule 1), also known as PH-20 hyaluronidase, has resurfaced as a protein of renewed scientific ...Learn More

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is far more than structural scaffolding—it is a dynamic biochemical and biomechanical interface that orchestrates cell behavior, tissue integrity, and disease progression. To interrogate the ECM’s complex composition and functionality, matrix ...Learn More