Research Area

Weiner directs a translational molecular immunology research team focused on creating novel immunotherapy approaches for disease prevention and treatment using synthetic nucleic acid technology. Accomplishments of the team and collaborators include the first clinical studies of DNA vaccines, with a focus on advances in gene optimization and electroporation (EP)-mediated DNA delivery. Their work has revitalized the field, rapidly and safely moving new advances into human studies. These include the world’s first Zika vaccine, the first MERS vaccine, an advanced Ebola Vaccine, and a novel HIV vaccine, and a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate among others.

Team Description

The Weiner laboratory represents one of the pioneering research teams in the field of DNA vaccines and immunotherapies. The lab has published more than 420 scientific papers, chapters and reviews, including many seminal papers in the DNA vaccine and synthetic nucleic acids field, and is credited with generating more than 70 patents. Along with collaborators, the Weiner Lab was the first to move DNA vaccines to human clinical studies, establishing their initial safety and immunogenicity. The team also helped to develop the new field of nucleic acid-encoded antibodies, or dMAbs. More than a dozen experimental clinical therapies and vaccines have been developed from research from the Weiner laboratory, including the first Zika vaccine in clinical trials, the first MERS vaccine, a novel Ebola vaccine as well as novel immunotherapies for HPV-associated cancer and glioblastoma. Other notable reports from the Weiner lab include the delivery of protective anti-SARS2 dMAbs.

Team Members

Elizabeth Parzych
Ebony Gary
Kevin Liaw
Mansi Purwar
Devivasha Bordoloi
Nicholas Tursi

Team Show

Publications

1. Tursi NJ, Xu Z, Kulp DW, Weiner DB: Gene-encoded nanoparticle vaccine platforms for in vivo assembly of multimeric antigen to promote adaptive immunity. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2023:e1880.

2. Tursi NJ, Xu Z, Helble M, Walker S, Liaw K, Chokkalingam N, Kannan T, Wu Y, Tello-Ruiz E, Park DH, et al.: Engineered antibody cytokine chimera synergizes with DNA-launched nanoparticle vaccines to potentiate melanoma suppression in vivo. Front Immunol 2023, 14:1072810.

3. Saini P, Adeniji OS, Bordoloi D, Kinslow J, Martinson J, Parent DM, Hong KY, Koshy J, Kulkarni AJ, Zilberstein NF, et al.: Siglec-9 Restrains Antibody-Dependent Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2. mBio 2023, 14:e0339322.

4. Park DH, Liaw K, Bhojnagarwala P, Zhu X, Choi J, Ali AR, Bordoloi D, Gary EN, O'Connell RP, Kulkarni A, et al.: Multivalent in vivo delivery of DNA-encoded bispecific T cell engagers effectively controls heterogeneous GBM tumors and mitigates immune escape. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023, 28:249-263.

5. Jacobson JM, Zahrieh D, Strand CA, Cruz-Correa M, Pungpapong S, Roberts LR, Mandrekar SJ, Rodriguez LM, Boyer J, Marrero I, et al.: Phase I Trial of a Therapeutic DNA Vaccine for Preventing Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023, 16:163-173.

6. Gary EN, Tursi NJ, Warner BM, Cuismano G, Connors J, Parzych EM, Griffin BD, Bell MR, Ali AR, Frase D, et al.: Adenosine deaminase augments SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular and humoral responses in aged mouse models of immunization and challenge. Front Immunol 2023, 14:1138609.

7. Zhu X, Perales-Puchalt A, Wojtak K, Xu Z, Yun K, Bhojnagarwala PS, Bordoloi D, Park DH, Liaw K, Bah MA, et al.: DNA immunotherapy targeting BARF1 induces potent anti-tumor responses against Epstein-Barr-virus-associated carcinomas. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022, 24:218-229.

8. Xu Z, Walker S, Wise MC, Chokkalingam N, Purwar M, Moore A, Tello-Ruiz E, Wu Y, Majumdar S, Konrath KM, et al.: Induction of tier-2 neutralizing antibodies in mice with a DNA-encoded HIV envelope native like trimer. Nat Commun 2022, 13:695.

9. Walters JN, Schouest B, Patel A, Reuschel EL, Schultheis K, Parzych E, Maricic I, Gary EN, Purwar M, Andrade VM, et al.: Prime-boost vaccination regimens with INO-4800 and INO-4802 augment and broaden immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates. Vaccine 2022, 40:2960-2969.

10. Tursi NJ, Reeder SM, Flores-Garcia Y, Bah MA, Mathis-Torres S, Salgado-Jimenez B, Esquivel R, Xu Z, Chu JD, Humeau L, et al.: Engineered DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies targeting Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein confer single dose protection in a murine malaria challenge model. Sci Rep 2022, 12:14313.

11. Parzych EM, Du J, Ali AR, Schultheis K, Frase D, Smith TRF, Cui J, Chokkalingam N, Tursi NJ, Andrade VM, et al.: DNA-delivered antibody cocktail exhibits improved pharmacokinetics and confers prophylactic protection against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2022, 13:5886.

12. Kraynyak KA, Blackwood E, Agnes J, Tebas P, Giffear M, Amante D, Reuschel EL, Purwar M, Christensen-Quick A, Liu N, et al.: SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine INO-4800 Induces Durable Immune Responses Capable of Being Boosted in a Phase 1 Open-Label Trial. J Infect Dis 2022, 225:1923-1932.

13. Konrath KM, Liaw K, Wu Y, Zhu X, Walker SN, Xu Z, Schultheis K, Chokkalingam N, Chawla H, Du J, et al.: Nucleic acid delivery of immune-focused SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticles drives rapid and potent immunogenicity capable of single-dose protection. Cell Rep 2022, 38:110318.

14. Jiang S, Wu S, Zhao G, He Y, Bao L, Liu J, Qin C, Hou J, Ding Y, Cheng A, et al.: Comparison of Wild Type DNA Sequence of Spike Protein from SARS-CoV-2 with Optimized Sequence on The Induction of Protective Responses Against SARS-Cov-2 Challenge in Mouse Model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022, 18:2016201.

15. He C, Malone MJ, Wendel BS, Ma KY, Del Alcazar D, Weiner DB, De Jager PL, Del Río-Estrada PM, Ablanedo-Terrazas Y, Reyes-Terán G, et al.: Transcriptome and TCR Repertoire Measurements of CXCR3(+) T Follicular Helper Cells Within HIV-Infected Human Lymph Nodes. Front Immunol 2022, 13:859070.

16. Gary EN, Tursi NJ, Warner B, Parzych EM, Ali AR, Frase D, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, et al.: Mucosal chemokine adjuvant enhances synDNA vaccine-mediated responses to SARS-CoV-2 and provides heterologous protection in vivo. Cell Rep Med 2022, 3:100693.

17. Daniell H, Nair SK, Esmaeili N, Wakade G, Shahid N, Ganesan PK, Islam MR, Shepley-McTaggart A, Feng S, Gary EN, et al.: Debulking SARS-CoV-2 in saliva using angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in chewing gum to decrease oral virus transmission and infection. Mol Ther 2022, 30:1966-1978.

18. Cusimano GM, Gary EN, Bell MR, Warner BM, Connors J, Tursi NJ, Ali AR, Zhang S, Canziani G, Taramangalam B, et al.: Improved Durability to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Immunity following Coimmunization with Molecular Adjuvant Adenosine Deaminase-1. J Immunol 2022, 209:118-127.

19. Bordoloi D, Bhojnagarwala PS, Perales-Puchalt A, Kulkarni AJ, Zhu X, Liaw K, O'Connell RP, Park DH, Kulp DW, Zhang R, et al.: A mAb against surface-expressed FSHR engineered to engage adaptive immunity for ovarian cancer immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2022, 7.

20. Bhojnagarwala PS, O'Connell RP, Park D, Liaw K, Ali AR, Bordoloi D, Cassel J, Tursi NJ, Gary E, Weiner DB: In vivo DNA-launched bispecific T cell engager targeting IL-13Rα2 controls tumor growth in an animal model of glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022, 26:289-301.

21. Aisenberg LK, Rousseau KE, Cascino K, Massaccesi G, Aisenberg WH, Luo W, Muthumani K, Weiner DB, Whitehead SS, Chattergoon MA, et al.: Cross-reactive antibodies facilitate innate sensing of dengue and Zika viruses. JCI Insight 2022, 7.

22. Tebas P, Yang S, Boyer JD, Reuschel EL, Patel A, Christensen-Quick A, Andrade VM, Morrow MP, Kraynyak K, Agnes J, et al.: Safety and immunogenicity of INO-4800 DNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A preliminary report of an open-label, Phase 1 clinical trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021, 31:100689.

23. Tebas P, Roberts CC, Muthumani K, Reuschel EL, Kudchodkar SB, Zaidi FI, White S, Khan AS, Racine T, Choi H, et al.: Safety and Immunogenicity of an Anti-Zika Virus DNA Vaccine. N Engl J Med 2021, 385:e35.

24. Reeder SM, Bah MA, Tursi NJ, Brooks RC, Patel A, Esquivel R, Eaton A, Jhun H, Chu J, Kim K, et al.: Strategic Variants of CSP Delivered as SynDNA Vaccines Demonstrate Heterogeneity of Immunogenicity and Protection from Plasmodium Infection in a Murine Model. Infect Immun 2021, 89:e0072820.

25. Patel A, Walters JN, Reuschel EL, Schultheis K, Parzych E, Gary EN, Maricic I, Purwar M, Eblimit Z, Walker SN, et al.: Intradermal-delivered DNA vaccine induces durable immunity mediating a reduction in viral load in a rhesus macaque SARS-CoV-2 challenge model. Cell Rep Med 2021, 2:100420.

26. Patel A, Reuschel EL, Xu Z, Zaidi FI, Kim KY, Scott DP, Mendoza J, Ramos S, Stoltz R, Feldmann F, et al.: Intradermal delivery of a synthetic DNA vaccine protects macaques from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. JCI Insight 2021, 6.

27. Parzych EM, Gulati S, Zheng B, Bah MA, Elliott STC, Chu JD, Nowak N, Reed GW, Beurskens FJ, Schuurman J, et al.: Synthetic DNA Delivery of an Optimized and Engineered Monoclonal Antibody Provides Rapid and Prolonged Protection against Experimental Gonococcal Infection. mBio 2021, 12.

28. Jiang J, Ramos SJ, Bangalore P, Elwood D, Cashman KA, Kudchodkar SB, Schultheis K, Pugh H, Walters J, Tur J, et al.: Multivalent DNA Vaccines as A Strategy to Combat Multiple Concurrent Epidemics: Mosquito-Borne and Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses. Viruses 2021, 13.

29. Gary EN, Warner BM, Parzych EM, Griffin BD, Zhu X, Tailor N, Tursi NJ, Chan M, Purwar M, Vendramelli R, et al.: A novel mouse AAV6 hACE2 transduction model of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection studied using synDNA immunogens. iScience 2021, 24:102699.

30. Bordoloi D, Xu Z, Ho M, Purwar M, Bhojnagarwala P, Cassel J, Giron LB, Walker S, Kulkarni AJ, Ruiz ET, et al.: Identification of Novel Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021, 4:1349-1361.

31. Bordoloi D, Xiao P, Choi H, Ho M, Perales-Puchalt A, Khoshnejad M, Kim JJ, Humeau L, Srinivasan A, Weiner DB, et al.: Immunotherapy of prostate cancer using novel synthetic DNA vaccines targeting multiple tumor antigens. Genes Cancer 2021, 12:51-64.

32. Bhuyan PK, Dallas M, Kraynyak K, Herring T, Morrow M, Boyer J, Duff S, Kim J, Weiner DB: Durability of response to VGX-3100 treatment of HPV16/18 positive cervical HSIL. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021, 17:1288-1293.

33. Bhojnagarwala PS, Perales-Puchalt A, Cooch N, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB: A synDNA vaccine delivering neoAg collections controls heterogenous, multifocal murine lung and ovarian tumors via robust T cell generation. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021, 21:278-287.

34. Andrade VM, Christensen-Quick A, Agnes J, Tur J, Reed C, Kalia R, Marrero I, Elwood D, Schultheis K, Purwar M, et al.: INO-4800 DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and T cell activity against global SARS-CoV-2 variants. NPJ Vaccines 2021, 6:121.

35. Adeniji OS, Kuri-Cervantes L, Yu C, Xu Z, Ho M, Chew GM, Shikuma C, Tomescu C, George AF, Roan NR, et al.: Siglec-9 defines and restrains a natural killer subpopulation highly cytotoxic to HIV-infected cells. PLoS Pathog 2021, 17:e1010034.

36. Adeniji OS, Giron LB, Purwar M, Zilberstein NF, Kulkarni AJ, Shaikh MW, Balk RA, Moy JN, Forsyth CB, Liu Q, et al.: COVID-19 Severity Is Associated with Differential Antibody Fc-Mediated Innate Immune Functions. mBio 2021, 12.

37. Adeniji OS, Giron LB, Purwar M, Zilberstein NF, Kulkarni AJ, Shaikh MW, Balk RA, Moy JN, Forsyth CB, Liu Q, et al.: Erratum for Adeniji et al., "COVID-19 Severity Is Associated with Differential Antibody Fc-Mediated Innate Immune Functions". mBio 2021, 12:e0124421.

38. Zankharia US, Kudchodkar S, Khoshnejad M, Perales-Puchalt A, Choi H, Ho M, Zaidi F, Ugen KE, Kim JJ, Weiner DB, et al.: Neutralization of hepatitis B virus by a novel DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020, 16:2156-2164.

39. Xu Z, Wise MC, Chokkalingam N, Walker S, Tello-Ruiz E, Elliott STC, Perales-Puchalt A, Xiao P, Zhu X, Pumroy RA, et al.: In Vivo Assembly of Nanoparticles Achieved through Synergy of Structure-Based Protein Engineering and Synthetic DNA Generates Enhanced Adaptive Immunity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020, 7:1902802.

40. Xu Z, Patel A, Tursi NJ, Zhu X, Muthumani K, Kulp DW, Weiner DB: Harnessing Recent Advances in Synthetic DNA and Electroporation Technologies for Rapid Vaccine Development Against COVID-19 and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases. Front Med Technol 2020, 2:571030.

41. Xu Z, Chokkalingam N, Tello-Ruiz E, Wise MC, Bah MA, Walker S, Tursi NJ, Fisher PD, Schultheis K, Broderick KE, et al.: A DNA-Launched Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicits CD8(+) T-cell Immunity to Promote In Vivo Tumor Control. Cancer Immunol Res 2020, 8:1354-1364.

42. Xu Z, Chokkalingam N, Tello-Ruiz E, Walker S, Kulp DW, Weiner DB: Incorporation of a Novel CD4+ Helper Epitope Identified from Aquifex aeolicus Enhances Humoral Responses Induced by DNA and Protein Vaccinations. iScience 2020, 23:101399.

43. Wise MC, Xu Z, Tello-Ruiz E, Beck C, Trautz A, Patel A, Elliott ST, Chokkalingam N, Kim S, Kerkau MG, et al.: In vivo delivery of synthetic DNA-encoded antibodies induces broad HIV-1-neutralizing activity. J Clin Invest 2020, 130:827-837.

44. Walker SN, Chokkalingam N, Reuschel EL, Purwar M, Xu Z, Gary EN, Kim KY, Helble M, Schultheis K, Walters J, et al.: SARS-CoV-2 Assays To Detect Functional Antibody Responses That Block ACE2 Recognition in Vaccinated Animals and Infected Patients. J Clin Microbiol 2020, 58.

45. Smith TRF, Patel A, Ramos S, Elwood D, Zhu X, Yan J, Gary EN, Walker SN, Schultheis K, Purwar M, et al.: Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19. Nat Commun 2020, 11:2601.

46. Shore ND, Morrow MP, McMullan T, Kraynyak KA, Sylvester A, Bhatt K, Cheung J, Boyer JD, Liu L, Sacchetta B, et al.: CD8(+) T Cells Impact Rising PSA in Biochemically Relapsed Cancer Patients Using Immunotherapy Targeting Tumor-Associated Antigens. Mol Ther 2020, 28:1238-1250.

47. Schultheis K, Pugh HM, Oh J, Nguyen J, Yung B, Reed C, Cooch N, Chen J, Yan J, Muthumani K, et al.: Active immunoprophylaxis with a synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal anti-respiratory syncytial virus scFv-Fc fusion protein confers protection against infection and durable activity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020, 16:2165-2175.

48. Reeder SM, Reuschel EL, Bah MA, Yun K, Tursi NJ, Kim KY, Chu J, Zaidi FI, Yilmaz I, Hart RJ, et al.: Synthetic DNA Vaccines Adjuvanted with pIL-33 Drive Liver-Localized T Cells and Provide Protection from Plasmodium Challenge in a Mouse Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2020, 8.

49. Patel A, Bah MA, Weiner DB: In Vivo Delivery of Nucleic Acid-Encoded Monoclonal Antibodies. BioDrugs 2020, 34:273-293.

50. Patel A, Bah MA, Weiner DB: Correction to: In Vivo Delivery of Nucleic Acid-Encoded Monoclonal Antibodies. BioDrugs 2020, 34:295.

51. Parzych E, Weiner DB: Nucleic acid approaches to antibody-based therapeutics for COVID-19: A perspective. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020, 146:537-540.

52. McNee A, Smith TRF, Holzer B, Clark B, Bessell E, Guibinga G, Brown H, Schultheis K, Fisher P, Ramos S, et al.: Establishment of a Pig Influenza Challenge Model for Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibody Delivery Platforms. J Immunol 2020, 205:648-660.

53. Khoshnejad M, Perales-Puchalt A, Dia Y, Xiao P, Patel A, Xu Z, Zhu X, Yun K, Baboo I, Qureshi R, et al.: Synthetic DNA Delivery of an Engineered Arginase Enzyme Can Modulate Specific Immunity In Vivo. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020, 18:652-663.

54. Khoshnejad M, Dia Y, Patel A, Xu Z, Zhu X, Yun K, Wojtak K, Qureshi R, Humeau L, Muthumani K, et al.: DNA-Encoded Glutamine Synthetase Enzyme as Ammonia-Lowering Therapeutic for Hyperammonemia. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020, 30:379-391.

55. Han JW, Sung PS, Hong SH, Lee H, Koh JY, Lee H, White S, Maslow JN, Weiner DB, Park SH, et al.: IFNL3-adjuvanted HCV DNA vaccine reduces regulatory T cell frequency and increases virus-specific T cell responses. J Hepatol 2020, 73:72-83.

56. Guibinga GH, Sahay B, Brown H, Cooch N, Chen J, Yan J, Reed C, Mishra M, Yung B, Pugh H, et al.: Protection against Borreliella burgdorferi infection mediated by a synthetically engineered DNA vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020, 16:2114-2122.

57. Gary EN, Weiner DB: DNA vaccines: prime time is now. Curr Opin Immunol 2020, 65:21-27.

58. Edupuganti S, S CDR, Elizaga M, Lu Y, Han X, Huang Y, Swann E, Polakowski L, S AK, Keefer M, et al.: Intramuscular and Intradermal Electroporation of HIV-1 PENNVAX-GP(®) DNA Vaccine and IL-12 Is Safe, Tolerable, Acceptable in Healthy Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2020, 8.

59. De Rosa SC, Edupuganti S, Huang Y, Han X, Elizaga M, Swann E, Polakowski L, Kalams SA, Keefer MC, Maenza J, et al.: Robust antibody and cellular responses induced by DNA-only vaccination for HIV. JCI Insight 2020, 5.

60. Choi H, Kudchodkar SB, Reuschel EL, Asija K, Borole P, Agarwal S, Van Gorder L, Reed CC, Gulendran G, Ramos S, et al.: Synthetic nucleic acid antibody prophylaxis confers rapid and durable protective immunity against Zika virus challenge. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020, 16:907-918.

61. Choi H, Kudchodkar SB, Ho M, Reuschel EL, Reynolds E, Xu Z, Bordoloi D, Ugen KE, Tebas P, Kim J, et al.: A novel synthetic DNA vaccine elicits protective immune responses against Powassan virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020, 14:e0008788.

62. Cable J, Srikantiah P, Crowe JE, Jr., Pulendran B, Hill A, Ginsberg A, Koff W, Mathew A, Ng T, Jansen K, et al.: Vaccine innovations for emerging infectious diseases-a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020, 1462:14-26.

63. Aggarwal C, Cohen RB, Morrow MP, Kraynyak KA, Sylvester AJ, Cheung J, Dickerson K, Schulten V, Knoblock D, Gillespie E, et al.: Immune Therapy Targeting E6/E7 Oncogenes of Human Paillomavirus Type 6 (HPV-6) Reduces or Eliminates the Need for Surgical Intervention in the Treatment of HPV-6 Associated Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2020, 8.

64. Wojtak K, Perales-Puchalt A, Weiner DB: Novel Synthetic DNA Immunogens Targeting Latent Expressed Antigens of Epstein-Barr Virus Elicit Potent Cellular Responses and Inhibit Tumor Growth. Vaccines (Basel) 2019, 7.

65. Wang Y, Esquivel R, Flingai S, Schiller ZA, Kern A, Agarwal S, Chu J, Patel A, Sullivan K, Wise MC, et al.: Anti-OspA DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Prevents Transmission of Spirochetes in Tick Challenge Providing Sterilizing Immunity in Mice. J Infect Dis 2019, 219:1146-1150.

66. Tebas P, Kraynyak KA, Patel A, Maslow JN, Morrow MP, Sylvester AJ, Knoblock D, Gillespie E, Amante D, Racine T, et al.: Intradermal SynCon® Ebola GP DNA Vaccine Is Temperature Stable and Safely Demonstrates Cellular and Humoral Immunogenicity Advantages in Healthy Volunteers. J Infect Dis 2019, 220:400-410.

67. Schommer NN, Nguyen J, Yung BS, Schultheis K, Muthumani K, Weiner DB, Humeau L, Broderick KE, Smith TRF: Active Immunoprophylaxis and Vaccine Augmentations Mediated by a Novel Plasmid DNA Formulation. Hum Gene Ther 2019, 30:523-533.

68. Perales-Puchalt A, Wojtak K, Duperret EK, Yang X, Slager AM, Yan J, Muthumani K, Montaner LJ, Weiner DB: Engineered DNA Vaccination against Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Delays Ovarian Cancer Progression in Animal Models. Mol Ther 2019, 27:314-325.

69. Perales-Puchalt A, Svoronos N, Villarreal DO, Zankharia U, Reuschel E, Wojtak K, Payne KK, Duperret EK, Muthumani K, Conejo-Garcia JR, et al.: IL-33 delays metastatic peritoneal cancer progression inducing an allergic microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2019, 8:e1515058.

70. Perales-Puchalt A, Duperret EK, Yang X, Hernandez P, Wojtak K, Zhu X, Jung SH, Tello-Ruiz E, Wise MC, Montaner LJ, et al.: DNA-encoded bispecific T cell engagers and antibodies present long-term antitumor activity. JCI Insight 2019, 4.

71. Perales-Puchalt A, Duperret EK, Muthumani K, Weiner DB: Simplifying checkpoint inhibitor delivery through in vivo generation of synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs). Oncotarget 2019, 10:13-16.

72. Patel A, Weiner DB: It Takes a Matured mAb to Treat Ebolavirus Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2019, 25:10-12.

73. Patel A, Reuschel EL, Kraynyak KA, Racine T, Park DH, Scott VL, Audet J, Amante D, Wise MC, Keaton AA, et al.: Protective Efficacy and Long-Term Immunogenicity in Cynomolgus Macaques by Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Synthetic DNA Vaccines. J Infect Dis 2019, 219:544-555.

74. Modjarrad K, Roberts CC, Mills KT, Castellano AR, Paolino K, Muthumani K, Reuschel EL, Robb ML, Racine T, Oh MD, et al.: Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2019, 19:1013-1022.

75. Lueck JD, Yoon JS, Perales-Puchalt A, Mackey AL, Infield DT, Behlke MA, Pope MR, Weiner DB, Skach WR, McCray PB, Jr., et al.: Engineered transfer RNAs for suppression of premature termination codons. Nat Commun 2019, 10:822.

76. Louis L, Wise MC, Choi H, Villarreal DO, Muthumani K, Weiner DB: Designed DNA-Encoded IL-36 Gamma Acts as a Potent Molecular Adjuvant Enhancing Zika Synthetic DNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity and Protection in a Lethal Challenge Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2019, 7.

77. Louis L, Clark M, Wise MC, Glennie N, Wong A, Broderick K, Uzonna J, Weiner DB, Scott P: Intradermal Synthetic DNA Vaccination Generates Leishmania-Specific T Cells in the Skin and Protection against Leishmania major. Infect Immun 2019, 87.

78. Khoshnejad M, Patel A, Wojtak K, Kudchodkar SB, Humeau L, Lyssenko NN, Rader DJ, Muthumani K, Weiner DB: Development of Novel DNA-Encoded PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibodies as Lipid-Lowering Therapeutics. Mol Ther 2019, 27:188-199.

79. Jiang J, Ramos SJ, Bangalore P, Fisher P, Germar K, Lee BK, Williamson D, Kemme A, Schade E, McCoy J, et al.: Integration of needle-free jet injection with advanced electroporation delivery enhances the magnitude, kinetics, and persistence of engineered DNA vaccine induced immune responses. Vaccine 2019, 37:3832-3839.

80. Esquivel RN, Patel A, Kudchodkar SB, Park DH, Stettler K, Beltramello M, Allen JW, Mendoza J, Ramos S, Choi H, et al.: In Vivo Delivery of a DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Protects Non-human Primates against Zika Virus. Mol Ther 2019, 27:974-985.

81. Duperret EK, Perales-Puchalt A, Stoltz R, G HH, Mandloi N, Barlow J, Chaudhuri A, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB: A Synthetic DNA, Multi-Neoantigen Vaccine Drives Predominately MHC Class I CD8(+) T-cell Responses, Impacting Tumor Challenge. Cancer Immunol Res 2019, 7:174-182.

82. de La Vega MA, Piret J, Griffin BD, Rhéaume C, Venable MC, Carbonneau J, Couture C, das Neves Almeida R, Tremblay RR, Magalhães KG, et al.: Zika-Induced Male Infertility in Mice Is Potentially Reversible and Preventable by Deoxyribonucleic Acid Immunization. J Infect Dis 2019, 219:365-374.

83. Choi H, Kudchodkar SB, Reuschel EL, Asija K, Borole P, Ho M, Wojtak K, Reed C, Ramos S, Bopp NE, et al.: Protective immunity by an engineered DNA vaccine for Mayaro virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019, 13:e0007042.

84. Yan J, Morrow MP, Chu JS, Racine T, Reed CC, Khan AS, Broderick KE, Kim JJ, Kobinger GP, Sardesai NY, et al.: Broad cross-protective anti-hemagglutination responses elicited by influenza microconsensus DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2018, 36:3079-3089.

85. Xu Z, Wise MC, Choi H, Perales-Puchalt A, Patel A, Tello-Ruiz E, Chu JD, Muthumani K, Weiner DB: Synthetic DNA delivery by electroporation promotes robust in vivo sulfation of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV immunoadhesin eCD4-Ig. EBioMedicine 2018, 35:97-105.

86. Patel A, Park DH, Davis CW, Smith TRF, Leung A, Tierney K, Bryan A, Davidson E, Yu X, Racine T, et al.: In Vivo Delivery of Synthetic Human DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibodies Protect against Ebolavirus Infection in a Mouse Model. Cell Rep 2018, 25:1982-1993.e1984.

87. Morrow MP, Kraynyak KA, Sylvester AJ, Dallas M, Knoblock D, Boyer JD, Yan J, Vang R, Khan AS, Humeau L, et al.: Clinical and Immunologic Biomarkers for Histologic Regression of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia and Clearance of HPV16 and HPV18 after Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2018, 24:276-294.

88. Kudchodkar SB, Choi H, Reuschel EL, Esquivel R, Jin-Ah Kwon J, Jeong M, Maslow JN, Reed CC, White S, Kim JJ, et al.: Rapid response to an emerging infectious disease - Lessons learned from development of a synthetic DNA vaccine targeting Zika virus. Microbes Infect 2018, 20:676-684.

89. Elliott STC, Keaton AA, Chu JD, Reed CC, Garman B, Patel A, Yan J, Broderick KE, Weiner DB: A Synthetic Micro-Consensus DNA Vaccine Generates Comprehensive Influenza A H3N2 Immunity and Protects Mice Against Lethal Challenge by Multiple H3N2 Viruses. Hum Gene Ther 2018, 29:1044-1055.

90. Elliott ST, Weiner DB: Herd immunity: hyperimmune globulins for the 21st century. Lancet Infect Dis 2018, 18:361-363.

91. Duperret EK, Yan J, Weiner DB: Designing consensus immunogens to break tolerance to self-antigens for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2018, 9:35513-35514.

92. Duperret EK, Wise MC, Trautz A, Villarreal DO, Ferraro B, Walters J, Yan J, Khan A, Masteller E, Humeau L, et al.: Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade with a Novel Synthetic Consensus DNA Vaccine Targeting TERT. Mol Ther 2018, 26:435-445.

93. Duperret EK, Trautz A, Stoltz R, Patel A, Wise MC, Perales-Puchalt A, Smith T, Broderick KE, Masteller E, Kim JJ, et al.: Synthetic DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Delivery of Anti-CTLA-4 Antibodies Induces Tumor Shrinkage In Vivo. Cancer Res 2018, 78:6363-6370.

94. Duperret EK, Trautz A, Ammons D, Perales-Puchalt A, Wise MC, Yan J, Reed C, Weiner DB: Alteration of the Tumor Stroma Using a Consensus DNA Vaccine Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) Synergizes with Antitumor Vaccine Therapy in Mice. Clin Cancer Res 2018, 24:1190-1201.

95. Duperret EK, Liu S, Paik M, Trautz A, Stoltz R, Liu X, Ze K, Perales-Puchalt A, Reed C, Yan J, et al.: A Designer Cross-reactive DNA Immunotherapeutic Vaccine that Targets Multiple MAGE-A Family Members Simultaneously for Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2018, 24:6015-6027.

96. Walters JN, Ferraro B, Duperret EK, Kraynyak KA, Chu J, Saint-Fleur A, Yan J, Levitsky H, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, et al.: A Novel DNA Vaccine Platform Enhances Neo-antigen-like T Cell Responses against WT1 to Break Tolerance and Induce Anti-tumor Immunity. Mol Ther 2017, 25:976-988.

97. Smith TRF, Schultheis K, Morrow MP, Kraynyak KA, McCoy JR, Yim KC, Muthumani K, Humeau L, Weiner DB, Sardesai NY, et al.: Development of an intradermal DNA vaccine delivery strategy to achieve single-dose immunity against respiratory syncytial virus. Vaccine 2017, 35:2840-2847.

98. Patel A, DiGiandomenico A, Keller AE, Smith TRF, Park DH, Ramos S, Schultheis K, Elliott STC, Mendoza J, Broderick KE, et al.: An engineered bispecific DNA-encoded IgG antibody protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pneumonia challenge model. Nat Commun 2017, 8:637.

99. Muthumani K, Marnin L, Kudchodkar SB, Perales-Puchalt A, Choi H, Agarwal S, Scott VL, Reuschel EL, Zaidi FI, Duperret EK, et al.: Novel prostate cancer immunotherapy with a DNA-encoded anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017, 66:1577-1588.

100. Lee H, Jeong M, Oh J, Cho Y, Shen X, Stone J, Yan J, Rothkopf Z, Khan AS, Cho BM, et al.: Preclinical evaluation of multi antigenic HCV DNA vaccine for the prevention of Hepatitis C virus infection. Sci Rep 2017, 7:43531.

101. Griffin BD, Muthumani K, Warner BM, Majer A, Hagan M, Audet J, Stein DR, Ranadheera C, Racine T, De La Vega MA, et al.: DNA vaccination protects mice against Zika virus-induced damage to the testes. Nat Commun 2017, 8:15743.

102. Elliott STC, Kallewaard NL, Benjamin E, Wachter-Rosati L, McAuliffe JM, Patel A, Smith TRF, Schultheis K, Park DH, Flingai S, et al.: DMAb inoculation of synthetic cross reactive antibodies protects against lethal influenza A and B infections. NPJ Vaccines 2017, 2:18.

103. Muthumani K, Griffin BD, Agarwal S, Kudchodkar SB, Reuschel EL, Choi H, Kraynyak KA, Duperret EK, Keaton AA, Chung C, et al.: In vivo protection against ZIKV infection and pathogenesis through passive antibody transfer and active immunisation with a prMEnv DNA vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2016, 1:16021.

104. Muthumani K, Block P, Flingai S, Muruganantham N, Chaaithanya IK, Tingey C, Wise M, Reuschel EL, Chung C, Muthumani A, et al.: Rapid and Long-Term Immunity Elicited by DNA-Encoded Antibody Prophylaxis and DNA Vaccination Against Chikungunya Virus. J Infect Dis 2016, 214:369-378.

105. Morrow MP, Kraynyak KA, Sylvester AJ, Shen X, Amante D, Sakata L, Parker L, Yan J, Boyer J, Roh C, et al.: Augmentation of cellular and humoral immune responses to HPV16 and HPV18 E6 and E7 antigens by VGX-3100. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2016, 3:16025.

106. Lee JC, Menacherry S, Diehl MC, Giffear MD, White CJ, Juba R, Bagarazzi ML, Muthumani K, Boyer J, Agarwal V, et al.: Safety, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics of VGX-1027-A novel oral anti-inflammatory drug in healthy human subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2016, 5:91-101.

107. Griffiths KL, Villarreal DO, Weiner DB, Khader SA: A novel multivalent tuberculosis vaccine confers protection in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016, 12:2649-2653.

108. Chung C, Ugen KE, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB, Muthumani K: Protocols for Developing Novel Chikungunya Virus DNA Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2016, 1426:311-332.

109. Chu JS, Villarreal DO, Weiner DB: DNA Vaccines: A Strategy for Developing Novel Multivalent TB Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2016, 1403:355-361.

110. Wu SJ, Villarreal DO, Shedlock DJ, Weiner DB: Synthetic DNA approach to cytomegalovirus vaccine/immune therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 2015, 848:131-148.

111. Wise MC, Hutnick NA, Pollara J, Myles DJ, Williams C, Yan J, LaBranche CC, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Montefiori D, et al.: An Enhanced Synthetic Multiclade DNA Prime Induces Improved Cross-Clade-Reactive Functional Antibodies when Combined with an Adjuvanted Protein Boost in Nonhuman Primates. J Virol 2015, 89:9154-9166.

112. Villarreal DO, Wise MC, Siefert RJ, Yan J, Wood LM, Weiner DB: Ubiquitin-like Molecule ISG15 Acts as an Immune Adjuvant to Enhance Antigen-specific CD8 T-cell Tumor Immunity. Mol Ther 2015, 23:1653-1662.

113. Villarreal DO, Weiner DB: IL-33 isoforms: their future as vaccine adjuvants? Expert Rev Vaccines 2015, 14:489-492.

114. Villarreal DO, Svoronos N, Wise MC, Shedlock DJ, Morrow MP, Conejo-Garcia JR, Weiner DB: Molecular adjuvant IL-33 enhances the potency of a DNA vaccine in a lethal challenge model. Vaccine 2015, 33:4313-4320.

115. Villarreal DO, Siefert RJ, Weiner DB: Alarmin IL-33 elicits potent TB-specific cell-mediated responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015, 11:1954-1960.

116. Ugen KE, Weiner DB: DNA vaccines 2014 meeting: Highlights and overview. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015, 11:1887-1888.

117. Trimble CL, Morrow MP, Kraynyak KA, Shen X, Dallas M, Yan J, Edwards L, Parker RL, Denny L, Giffear M, et al.: Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of VGX-3100, a therapeutic synthetic DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus 16 and 18 E6 and E7 proteins for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial. Lancet 2015, 386:2078-2088.

118. Scott VL, Villarreal DO, Hutnick NA, Walters JN, Ragwan E, Bdeir K, Yan J, Sardesai NY, Finnefrock AC, Casimiro DR, et al.: DNA vaccines targeting heavy chain C-terminal fragments of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, B, and E induce potent humoral and cellular immunity and provide protection from lethal toxin challenge. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015, 11:1961-1971.

119. Scott VL, Patel A, Villarreal DO, Hensley SE, Ragwan E, Yan J, Sardesai NY, Rothwell PJ, Extance JP, Caproni LJ, et al.: Novel synthetic plasmid and Doggybone DNA vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies and provide protection from lethal influenza challenge in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015, 11:1972-1982.

120. Reuschel EL, Wang J, Shivers DK, Muthumani K, Weiner DB, Ma Z, Finkel TH: REDD1 Is Essential for Optimal T Cell Proliferation and Survival. PLoS One 2015, 10:e0136323.

121. Muthumani K, Falzarano D, Reuschel EL, Tingey C, Flingai S, Villarreal DO, Wise M, Patel A, Izmirly A, Aljuaid A, et al.: A synthetic consensus anti-spike protein DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2015, 7:301ra132.

122. Morrow MP, Tebas P, Yan J, Ramirez L, Slager A, Kraynyak K, Diehl M, Shah D, Khan A, Lee J, et al.: Synthetic consensus HIV-1 DNA induces potent cellular immune responses and synthesis of granzyme B, perforin in HIV infected individuals. Mol Ther 2015, 23:591-601.

123. Flingai S, Plummer EM, Patel A, Shresta S, Mendoza JM, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY, Muthumani K, Weiner DB: Protection against dengue disease by synthetic nucleic acid antibody prophylaxis/immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2015, 5:12616.

124. Carnathan DG, Wetzel KS, Yu J, Lee ST, Johnson BA, Paiardini M, Yan J, Morrow MP, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB, et al.: Activated CD4+CCR5+ T cells in the rectum predict increased SIV acquisition in SIVGag/Tat-vaccinated rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015, 112:518-523.

125. Yan J, Villarreal DO, Racine T, Chu JS, Walters JN, Morrow MP, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Kim JJ, Kobinger GP, et al.: Protective immunity to H7N9 influenza viruses elicited by synthetic DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2014, 32:2833-2842.

126. Weiner DB, Buckland B: Vaccine Technology IV: an ECI Conference held in Albufeira, Portugal from May 20 to 24, 2012. Vaccine 2014, 32:2763-2766.

127. Villarreal DO, Wise MC, Walters JN, Reuschel EL, Choi MJ, Obeng-Adjei N, Yan J, Morrow MP, Weiner DB: Alarmin IL-33 acts as an immunoadjuvant to enhance antigen-specific tumor immunity. Cancer Res 2014, 74:1789-1800.

128. Villarreal DO, Weiner DB: Interleukin 33: a switch-hitting cytokine. Curr Opin Immunol 2014, 28:102-106.

129. Villarreal DO, Walters J, Laddy DJ, Yan J, Weiner DB: Multivalent TB vaccines targeting the esx gene family generate potent and broad cell-mediated immune responses superior to BCG. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014, 10:2188-2198.

130. Shedlock DJ, Tingey C, Mahadevan L, Hutnick N, Reuschel EL, Kudchodkar S, Flingai S, Yan J, Kim JJ, Ugen KE, et al.: Co-Administration of Molecular Adjuvants Expressing NF-Kappa B Subunit p65/RelA or Type-1 Transactivator T-bet Enhance Antigen Specific DNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2014, 2:196-215.

131. Ouma GO, Rodriguez E, Muthumani K, Weiner DB, Wilensky RL, Mohler ER, 3rd: In vivo electroporation of constitutively expressed HIF-1α plasmid DNA improves neovascularization in a mouse model of limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2014, 59:786-793.

132. Latimer B, Toporovski R, Yan J, Pankhong P, Morrow MP, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Welles SL, Jacobson JM, Weiner DB, et al.: Strong HCV NS3/4a, NS4b, NS5a, NS5b-specific cellular immune responses induced in Rhesus macaques by a novel HCV genotype 1a/1b consensus DNA vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014, 10:2357-2365.

133. Fargnoli AS, Mu A, Katz MG, Williams RD, Margulies KB, Weiner DB, Yang S, Bridges CR: Anti-inflammatory loaded poly-lactic glycolic acid nanoparticle formulations to enhance myocardial gene transfer: an in-vitro assessment of a drug/gene combination therapeutic approach for direct injection. J Transl Med 2014, 12:171.

134. Fagone P, Muthumani K, Mangano K, Magro G, Meroni PL, Kim JJ, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB, Nicoletti F: VGX-1027 modulates genes involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced Toll-like receptor 4 activation and in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology 2014, 142:594-602.

135. Baliban SM, Michael A, Shammassian B, Mudakha S, Khan AS, Cocklin S, Zentner I, Latimer BP, Bouillaut L, Hunter M, et al.: An optimized, synthetic DNA vaccine encoding the toxin A and toxin B receptor binding domains of Clostridium difficile induces protective antibody responses in vivo. Infect Immun 2014, 82:4080-4091.

136. Yan J, Pankhong P, Shin TH, Obeng-Adjei N, Morrow MP, Walters JN, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB: Highly optimized DNA vaccine targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase stimulates potent antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2013, 1:179-189.

137. Weiner DB: RNA-based vaccination: sending a strong message. Mol Ther 2013, 21:506-508.

138. Villarreal DO, Talbott KT, Choo DK, Shedlock DJ, Weiner DB: Synthetic DNA vaccine strategies against persistent viral infections. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013, 12:537-554.

139. Ugen K, Weiner DB: DNA vaccines onward and upward! 20 years and counting! Highlights of the DNA vaccines 2012 meeting. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013, 9:2038-2040.

140. Shedlock DJ, Aviles J, Talbott KT, Wong G, Wu SJ, Villarreal DO, Myles DJ, Croyle MA, Yan J, Kobinger GP, et al.: Induction of broad cytotoxic T cells by protective DNA vaccination against Marburg and Ebola. Mol Ther 2013, 21:1432-1444.

141. Muthumani K, Wise MC, Broderick KE, Hutnick N, Goodman J, Flingai S, Yan J, Bian CB, Mendoza J, Tingey C, et al.: HIV-1 Env DNA vaccine plus protein boost delivered by EP expands B- and T-cell responses and neutralizing phenotype in vivo. PLoS One 2013, 8:e84234.

142. Muthumani K, Flingai S, Wise M, Tingey C, Ugen KE, Weiner DB: Optimized and enhanced DNA plasmid vector based in vivo construction of a neutralizing anti-HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein Fab. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013, 9:2253-2262.

143. Kulkarni V, Rosati M, Valentin A, Ganneru B, Singh AK, Yan J, Rolland M, Alicea C, Beach RK, Zhang GM, et al.: HIV-1 p24(gag) derived conserved element DNA vaccine increases the breadth of immune response in mice. PLoS One 2013, 8:e60245.

144. Kalams SA, Parker SD, Elizaga M, Metch B, Edupuganti S, Hural J, De Rosa S, Carter DK, Rybczyk K, Frank I, et al.: Safety and comparative immunogenicity of an HIV-1 DNA vaccine in combination with plasmid interleukin 12 and impact of intramuscular electroporation for delivery. J Infect Dis 2013, 208:818-829.

145. Flingai S, Czerwonko M, Goodman J, Kudchodkar SB, Muthumani K, Weiner DB: Synthetic DNA vaccines: improved vaccine potency by electroporation and co-delivered genetic adjuvants. Front Immunol 2013, 4:354.

146. Bao H, Ramanathan AA, Kawalakar O, Sundaram SG, Tingey C, Bian CB, Muruganandam N, Vijayachari P, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB, et al.: Nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2) of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) enhances protective immunity mediated by a CHIKV envelope protein expressing DNA Vaccine. Viral Immunol 2013, 26:75-83.

147. Sonnenberg GF, Monticelli LA, Alenghat T, Fung TC, Hutnick NA, Kunisawa J, Shibata N, Grunberg S, Sinha R, Zahm AM, et al.: Innate lymphoid cells promote anatomical containment of lymphoid-resident commensal bacteria. Science 2012, 336:1321-1325.

148. Shin TH, Pankhong P, Yan J, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB: Induction of robust cellular immunity against HPV6 and HPV11 in mice by DNA vaccine encoding for E6/E7 antigen. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012, 8:470-478.

149. Shedlock DJ, Talbott KT, Wu SJ, Wilson CM, Muthumani K, Boyer JD, Sardesai NY, Awasthi S, Weiner DB: Vaccination with synthetic constructs expressing cytomegalovirus immunogens is highly T cell immunogenic in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012, 8:1668-1681.

150. Reuter MA, Yuan S, Marx PA, Kutzler MA, Weiner DB, Betts MR: DNA-based HIV vaccines do not induce generalized activation in mucosal tissue T cells. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012, 8:1648-1653.

151. Lang Kuhs KA, Toporovski R, Yan J, Ginsberg AA, Shedlock DJ, Weiner DB: Induction of intrahepatic HCV NS4B, NS5A and NS5B-specific cellular immune responses following peripheral immunization. PLoS One 2012, 7:e52165.

152. Lang Kuhs KA, Ginsberg AA, Yan J, Wiseman RW, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, O'Connor DH, Weiner DB: Hepatitis C virus NS3/NS4A DNA vaccine induces multiepitope T cell responses in rhesus macaques mimicking human immune responses [corrected]. Mol Ther 2012, 20:669-678.

153. Kathuria N, Kraynyak KA, Carnathan D, Betts M, Weiner DB, Kutzler MA: Generation of antigen-specific immunity following systemic immunization with DNA vaccine encoding CCL25 chemokine immunoadjuvant. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012, 8:1607-1619.

154. Kalams SA, Parker S, Jin X, Elizaga M, Metch B, Wang M, Hural J, Lubeck M, Eldridge J, Cardinali M, et al.: Safety and immunogenicity of an HIV-1 gag DNA vaccine with or without IL-12 and/or IL-15 plasmid cytokine adjuvant in healthy, HIV-1 uninfected adults. PLoS One 2012, 7:e29231.

155. Hutnick NA, Myles DJ, Hirao L, Scott VL, Ferraro B, Khan AS, Lewis MG, Miller CJ, Bett AJ, Casimiro D, et al.: An optimized SIV DNA vaccine can serve as a boost for Ad5 and provide partial protection from a high-dose SIVmac251 challenge. Vaccine 2012, 30:3202-3208.

156. Hutnick NA, Myles DJ, Ferraro B, Lucke C, Lin F, Yan J, Broderick KE, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB: Intradermal DNA vaccination enhanced by low-current electroporation improves antigen expression and induces robust cellular and humoral immune responses. Hum Gene Ther 2012, 23:943-950.

157. Feng C, Jin J, Zou Q, Chen X, Zhou C, Wu B, Weiner DB, Wang B: Interleukin-21 inhibits humoral response to an HIV DNA vaccine by enhancing Bcl-6 and Pax-5 expression. Viral Immunol 2012, 25:131-140.

158. Cox JH, Ferrari MG, Earl P, Lane JR, Jagodzinski LL, Polonis VR, Kuta EG, Boyer JD, Ratto-Kim S, Eller LA, et al.: Inclusion of a CRF01_AE HIV envelope protein boost with a DNA/MVA prime-boost vaccine: Impact on humoral and cellular immunogenicity and viral load reduction after SHIV-E challenge. Vaccine 2012, 30:1830-1840.

159. Bagarazzi ML, Yan J, Morrow MP, Shen X, Parker RL, Lee JC, Giffear M, Pankhong P, Khan AS, Broderick KE, et al.: Immunotherapy against HPV16/18 generates potent TH1 and cytotoxic cellular immune responses. Sci Transl Med 2012, 4:155ra138.

160. Yin J, Dai A, Lecureux J, Arango T, Kutzler MA, Yan J, Lewis MG, Khan A, Sardesai NY, Montefiore D, et al.: High antibody and cellular responses induced to HIV-1 clade C envelope following DNA vaccines delivered by electroporation. Vaccine 2011, 29:6763-6770.

161. Yan J, Corbitt N, Pankhong P, Shin T, Khan A, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB: Immunogenicity of a novel engineered HIV-1 clade C synthetic consensus-based envelope DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2011, 29:7173-7181.

162. Ugen KE, Sardesai N, Weiner DB: DNA vaccines 2010: a gumbo of accomplishment and excitement in New Orleans. Vaccine 2011, 29:6721-6722.

163. Shedlock DJ, Talbott KT, Cress C, Ferraro B, Tuyishme S, Mallilankaraman K, Cisper NJ, Morrow MP, Wu SJ, Kawalekar OU, et al.: A highly optimized DNA vaccine confers complete protective immunity against high-dose lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus challenge. Vaccine 2011, 29:6755-6762.

164. Sardesai NY, Weiner DB: Electroporation delivery of DNA vaccines: prospects for success. Curr Opin Immunol 2011, 23:421-429.

165. Pillet S, Kobasa D, Meunier I, Gray M, Laddy D, Weiner DB, von Messling V, Kobinger GP: Cellular immune response in the presence of protective antibody levels correlates with protection against 1918 influenza in ferrets. Vaccine 2011, 29:6793-6801.

166. Muthumani K, Shedlock DJ, Choo DK, Fagone P, Kawalekar OU, Goodman J, Bian CB, Ramanathan AA, Atman P, Tebas P, et al.: HIV-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase activation in APCs leads to programmed death-1 ligand upregulation and suppression of HIV-specific CD8 T cells. J Immunol 2011, 187:2932-2943.

167. Moise L, Buller RM, Schriewer J, Lee J, Frey SE, Weiner DB, Martin W, De Groot AS: VennVax, a DNA-prime, peptide-boost multi-T-cell epitope poxvirus vaccine, induces protective immunity against vaccinia infection by T cell response alone. Vaccine 2011, 29:501-511.

168. Mallilankaraman K, Shedlock DJ, Bao H, Kawalekar OU, Fagone P, Ramanathan AA, Ferraro B, Stabenow J, Vijayachari P, Sundaram SG, et al.: A DNA vaccine against chikungunya virus is protective in mice and induces neutralizing antibodies in mice and nonhuman primates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011, 5:e928.

169. Lin F, Shen X, McCoy JR, Mendoza JM, Yan J, Kemmerrer SV, Khan AS, Weiner DB, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY: A novel prototype device for electroporation-enhanced DNA vaccine delivery simultaneously to both skin and muscle. Vaccine 2011, 29:6771-6780.

170. Lang Kuhs KA, Toporovski R, Ginsberg AA, Olsen AL, Shedlock DJ, Morrow MP, Yan J, Wells RG, Weiner DB: Peripheral immunization induces functional intrahepatic hepatitis C specific immunity following selective retention of vaccine-specific CD8 T cells by the liver. Hum Vaccin 2011, 7:1326-1335.

171. Hutnick NA, Myles DJ, Bian CB, Muthumani K, Weiner DB: Selected approaches for increasing HIV DNA vaccine immunogenicity in vivo. Curr Opin Virol 2011, 1:233-240.

172. Hirao LA, Hokey DA, Morrow MP, Jure-Kunkel MN, Weiner DB: Immune modulation through 4-1BB enhances SIV vaccine protection in non-human primates against SIVmac251 challenge. PLoS One 2011, 6:e24250.

173. Hirao LA, Draghia-Akli R, Prigge JT, Yang M, Satishchandran A, Wu L, Hammarlund E, Khan AS, Babas T, Rhodes L, et al.: Multivalent smallpox DNA vaccine delivered by intradermal electroporation drives protective immunity in nonhuman primates against lethal monkeypox challenge. J Infect Dis 2011, 203:95-102.

174. Ferraro B, Morrow MP, Hutnick NA, Shin TH, Lucke CE, Weiner DB: Clinical applications of DNA vaccines: current progress. Clin Infect Dis 2011, 53:296-302.

175. Ferraro B, Cisper NJ, Talbott KT, Philipson-Weiner L, Lucke CE, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB: Co-delivery of PSA and PSMA DNA vaccines with electroporation induces potent immune responses. Hum Vaccin 2011, 7 Suppl:120-127.

176. Belisle SE, Yin J, Shedlock DJ, Dai A, Yan J, Hirao L, Kutzler MA, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Lank SM, et al.: Long-term programming of antigen-specific immunity from gene expression signatures in the PBMC of rhesus macaques immunized with an SIV DNA vaccine. PLoS One 2011, 6:e19681.

177. Weiner DB, Sardesai NY, Schmaljohn C: Introduction to DNA vaccines - Las Vegas. Vaccine 2010, 28:1893-1896.

178. Weiner DB: RV144: old vs. new. Hum Vaccin 2010, 6:159-161.

179. Toporovski R, Morrow MP, Weiner DB: Interferons as potential adjuvants in prophylactic vaccines. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010, 10:1489-1500.

180. Thiboutot MM, Kannan S, Kawalekar OU, Shedlock DJ, Khan AS, Sarangan G, Srikanth P, Weiner DB, Muthumani K: Chikungunya: a potentially emerging epidemic? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010, 4:e623.

181. Shedlock DJ, Talbott KT, Morrow MP, Ferraro B, Hokey DA, Muthumani K, Weiner DB: Ki-67 staining for determination of rhesus macaque T cell proliferative responses ex vivo. Cytometry A 2010, 77:275-284.

182. Muthumani K, Lambert VM, Kawalekar O, Heller R, Kim JJ, Weiner DB, Ugen KE: Anti-cancer activity of the HIV accessory molecule viral protein R (Vpr): Delivery as a DNA expression plasmid or biologically active peptides. Vaccine 2010, 28:2005-2010.

183. Morrow MP, Yan J, Pankhong P, Shedlock DJ, Lewis MG, Talbott K, Toporovski R, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB: IL-28B/IFN-lambda 3 drives granzyme B loading and significantly increases CTL killing activity in macaques. Mol Ther 2010, 18:1714-1723.

184. Morrow MP, Yan J, Pankhong P, Ferraro B, Lewis MG, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB: Unique Th1/Th2 phenotypes induced during priming and memory phases by use of interleukin-12 (IL-12) or IL-28B vaccine adjuvants in rhesus macaques. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2010, 17:1493-1499.

185. Morrow MP, Weiner DB: DNA drugs come of age. Sci Am 2010, 303:48-53.

186. Kraynyak KA, Kutzler MA, Cisper NJ, Khan AS, Draghia-Akli R, Sardesal NY, Lewis MG, Yan J, Weiner DB: Systemic immunization with CCL27/CTACK modulates immune responses at mucosal sites in mice and macaques. Vaccine 2010, 28:1942-1951.

187. Kawalekar OU, Shedlock DJ, Weiner DB: Current strategies and limitations of HIV vaccines. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2010, 11:192-202.

188. Ingolotti M, Kawalekar O, Shedlock DJ, Muthumani K, Weiner DB: DNA vaccines for targeting bacterial infections. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010, 9:747-763.

189. Hirao LA, Wu L, Satishchandran A, Khan AS, Draghia-Akli R, Finnefrock AC, Bett AJ, Betts MR, Casimiro DR, Sardesai NY, et al.: Comparative analysis of immune responses induced by vaccination with SIV antigens by recombinant Ad5 vector or plasmid DNA in rhesus macaques. Mol Ther 2010, 18:1568-1576.

190. Yin J, Dai A, Laddy DJ, Yan J, Arango T, Khan AS, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Kutzler MA, Draghia-Akli R, et al.: High dose of plasmid IL-15 inhibits immune responses in an influenza non-human primates immunogenicity model. Virology 2009, 393:49-55.

191. Yan J, Reichenbach DK, Corbitt N, Hokey DA, Ramanathan MP, McKinney KA, Weiner DB, Sewell D: Induction of antitumor immunity in vivo following delivery of a novel HPV-16 DNA vaccine encoding an E6/E7 fusion antigen. Vaccine 2009, 27:431-440.

192. Yan J, Hokey DA, Morrow MP, Corbitt N, Harris K, Harris D, Weiner DB: Novel SIVmac DNA vaccines encoding Env, Pol and Gag consensus proteins elicit strong cellular immune responses in cynomolgus macaques. Vaccine 2009, 27:3260-3266.

193. Thieu KP, Morrow MP, Shedlock DJ, Schoenly KA, Mallilankaraman K, Choo AY, Fagone P, Weiner DB, Muthumani K: HIV-1 Vpr: regulator of viral survival. Curr HIV Res 2009, 7:153-162.

194. Sonnenberg GF, Weiner DB: Manipulation of T(H)17 responses in pulmonary immunity and disease through vaccination. Hum Vaccin 2009, 5:510-519.

195. Shedlock DJ, Silvestri G, Weiner DB: Monkeying around with HIV vaccines: using rhesus macaques to define 'gatekeepers' for clinical trials. Nat Rev Immunol 2009, 9:717-728.

196. Redding L, Weiner DB: DNA vaccines in veterinary use. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009, 8:1251-1276.

197. Ramanathan MP, Kutzler MA, Kuo YC, Yan J, Liu H, Shah V, Bawa A, Selling B, Sardesai NY, Kim JJ, et al.: Coimmunization with an optimized IL15 plasmid adjuvant enhances humoral immunity via stimulating B cells induced by genetically engineered DNA vaccines expressing consensus JEV and WNV E DIII. Vaccine 2009, 27:4370-4380.

198. Ramanathan MP, Kuo YC, Selling BH, Li Q, Sardesai NY, Kim JJ, Weiner DB: Development of a novel DNA SynCon tetravalent dengue vaccine that elicits immune responses against four serotypes. Vaccine 2009, 27:6444-6453.

199. Pankhong P, Weiner DB, Ramanathan MP, Nisalak A, Kalayanarooj S, Nimmannitya S, Attatippaholkun W: Molecular genetic relationship of the 3' untranslated region among Thai dengue-3 virus, Bangkok isolates, during 1973-2000. DNA Cell Biol 2009, 28:481-491.

200. Muthumani K, Lambert VM, Shanmugam M, Thieu KP, Choo AY, Chung JC, Satishchandran A, Kim JJ, Weiner DB, Ugen KE: Anti-tumor activity mediated by protein and peptide transduction of HIV viral protein R (Vpr). Cancer Biol Ther 2009, 8:180-187.

201. Muthumani K, Lambert VM, Sardesai NY, Kim JJ, Heller R, Weiner DB, Ugen KE: Analysis of the potential for HIV-1 Vpr as an anti-cancer agent. Curr HIV Res 2009, 7:144-152.

202. Muthumani G, Laddy DJ, Sundaram SG, Fagone P, Shedlock DJ, Kannan S, Wu L, Chung CW, Lankaraman KM, Burns J, et al.: Co-immunization with an optimized plasmid-encoded immune stimulatory interleukin, high-mobility group box 1 protein, results in enhanced interferon-gamma secretion by antigen-specific CD8 T cells. Immunology 2009, 128:e612-620.

203. Mueller YM, Do DH, Boyer JD, Kader M, Mattapallil JJ, Lewis MG, Weiner DB, Katsikis PD: CD8+ cell depletion of SHIV89.6P-infected macaques induces CD4+ T cell proliferation that contributes to increased viral loads. J Immunol 2009, 183:5006-5012.

204. Morrow MP, Pankhong P, Weiner DB: Design and characterization of a plasmid vector system capable of rapid generation of antibodies of multiple isotypes and specificities. Biotechnol Lett 2009, 31:13-22.

205. Morrow MP, Pankhong P, Laddy DJ, Schoenly KA, Yan J, Cisper N, Weiner DB: Comparative ability of IL-12 and IL-28B to regulate Treg populations and enhance adaptive cellular immunity. Blood 2009, 113:5868-5877.

206. Laddy DJ, Yan J, Khan AS, Andersen H, Cohn A, Greenhouse J, Lewis M, Manischewitz J, King LR, Golding H, et al.: Electroporation of synthetic DNA antigens offers protection in nonhuman primates challenged with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. J Virol 2009, 83:4624-4630.

207. Kraynyak KA, Kutzler MA, Cisper NJ, Laddy DJ, Morrow MP, Waldmann TA, Weiner DB: Plasmid-encoded interleukin-15 receptor alpha enhances specific immune responses induced by a DNA vaccine in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2009, 20:1143-1156.

208. Apostolopoulos V, Weiner DB: Development of more efficient and effective DNA vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009, 8:1133-1134.

209. Yin J, Dai A, Kutzler MA, Shen A, Lecureux J, Lewis MG, Waldmann T, Weiner DB, Boyer JD: Sustained suppression of SHIV89.6P replication in macaques by vaccine-induced CD8+ memory T cells. Aids 2008, 22:1739-1748.

210. Yan J, Harris K, Khan AS, Draghia-Akli R, Sewell D, Weiner DB: Cellular immunity induced by a novel HPV18 DNA vaccine encoding an E6/E7 fusion consensus protein in mice and rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2008, 26:5210-5215.

211. Xu R, Megati S, Roopchand V, Luckay A, Masood A, Garcia-Hand D, Rosati M, Weiner DB, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN, et al.: Comparative ability of various plasmid-based cytokines and chemokines to adjuvant the activity of HIV plasmid DNA vaccines. Vaccine 2008, 26:4819-4829.

212. Weiner DB: DNA vaccines: crossing a line in the sand. Introduction to special issue. Vaccine 2008, 26:5073-5074.

213. Shedlock DJ, Hwang D, Choo AY, Chung CW, Muthumani K, Weiner DB: HIV-1 viral genes and mitochondrial apoptosis. Apoptosis 2008, 13:1088-1099.

214. Schoenly KA, Weiner DB: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine development: recent advances in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte platform "spotty business". J Virol 2008, 82:3166-3180.

215. Muthumani K, Lankaraman KM, Laddy DJ, Sundaram SG, Chung CW, Sako E, Wu L, Khan A, Sardesai N, Kim JJ, et al.: Immunogenicity of novel consensus-based DNA vaccines against Chikungunya virus. Vaccine 2008, 26:5128-5134.

216. Muthumani K, Choo AY, Shedlock DJ, Laddy DJ, Sundaram SG, Hirao L, Wu L, Thieu KP, Chung CW, Lankaraman KM, et al.: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef induces programmed death 1 expression through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. J Virol 2008, 82:11536-11544.

217. Morrow MP, Weiner DB: Cytokines as adjuvants for improving anti-HIV responses. Aids 2008, 22:333-338.

218. Megati S, Garcia-Hand D, Cappello S, Roopchand V, Masood A, Xu R, Luckay A, Chong SY, Rosati M, Sackitey S, et al.: Modifying the HIV-1 env gp160 gene to improve pDNA vaccine-elicited cell-mediated immune responses. Vaccine 2008, 26:5083-5094.

219. Lang KA, Yan J, Draghia-Akli R, Khan A, Weiner DB: Strong HCV NS3- and NS4A-specific cellular immune responses induced in mice and Rhesus macaques by a novel HCV genotype 1a/1b consensus DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2008, 26:6225-6231.

220. Lang K, Weiner DB: Immunotherapy for HCV infection: next steps. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008, 7:915-923.

221. Laddy DJ, Yan J, Kutzler M, Kobasa D, Kobinger GP, Khan AS, Greenhouse J, Sardesai NY, Draghia-Akli R, Weiner DB: Heterosubtypic protection against pathogenic human and avian influenza viruses via in vivo electroporation of synthetic consensus DNA antigens. PLoS One 2008, 3:e2517.

222. Kutzler MA, Weiner DB: DNA vaccines: ready for prime time? Nat Rev Genet 2008, 9:776-788.

223. Hokey DA, Yan J, Hirao LA, Dai A, Boyer JD, Jure-Kunkel MN, Weiner DB: CLTA-4 blockade in vivo promotes the generation of short-lived effector CD8 T cells and a more persistent central memory CD4 T cell response. J Med Primatol 2008, 37 Suppl 2:62-68.

224. Hokey DA, Johnson FB, Smith J, Weber JL, Yan J, Hirao L, Boyer JD, Lewis MG, Makedonas G, Betts MR, et al.: Activation drives PD-1 expression during vaccine-specific proliferation and following lentiviral infection in macaques. Eur J Immunol 2008, 38:1435-1445.

225. Hirao LA, Wu L, Khan AS, Satishchandran A, Draghia-Akli R, Weiner DB: Intradermal/subcutaneous immunization by electroporation improves plasmid vaccine delivery and potency in pigs and rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2008, 26:440-448.

226. Hirao LA, Wu L, Khan AS, Hokey DA, Yan J, Dai A, Betts MR, Draghia-Akli R, Weiner DB: Combined effects of IL-12 and electroporation enhances the potency of DNA vaccination in macaques. Vaccine 2008, 26:3112-3120.

227. Halwani R, Boyer JD, Yassine-Diab B, Haddad EK, Robinson TM, Kumar S, Parkinson R, Wu L, Sidhu MK, Phillipson-Weiner R, et al.: Therapeutic vaccination with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-DNA + IL-12 or IL-15 induces distinct CD8 memory subsets in SIV-infected macaques. J Immunol 2008, 180:7969-7979.

228. Draghia-Akli R, Khan AS, Brown PA, Pope MA, Wu L, Hirao L, Weiner DB: Parameters for DNA vaccination using adaptive constant-current electroporation in mouse and pig models. Vaccine 2008, 26:5230-5237.

229. Demberg T, Boyer JD, Malkevich N, Patterson LJ, Venzon D, Summers EL, Kalisz I, Kalyanaraman VS, Lee EM, Weiner DB, et al.: Sequential priming with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) DNA vaccines, with or without encoded cytokines, and a replicating adenovirus-SIV recombinant followed by protein boosting does not control a pathogenic SIVmac251 mucosal challenge. J Virol 2008, 82:10911-10921.

230. Chattergoon MA, Muthumani K, Tamura Y, Ramanathan M, Shames JP, Saulino V, Robinson TM, Montaner LJ, Weiner DB: DR5 activation of caspase-8 induces DC maturation and immune enhancement in vivo. Mol Ther 2008, 16:419-426.

231. Calarota SA, Hokey DA, Dai A, Jure-Kunkel MN, Balimane P, Weiner DB: Augmentation of SIV DNA vaccine-induced cellular immunity by targeting the 4-1BB costimulatory molecule. Vaccine 2008, 26:3121-3134.

232. Calarota SA, Dai A, Trocio JN, Weiner DB, Lori F, Lisziewicz J: IL-15 as memory T-cell adjuvant for topical HIV-1 DermaVir vaccine. Vaccine 2008, 26:5188-5195.

233. Apostolopoulos V, Weiner DB, Gong J: Cancer vaccines: methods for inducing immunity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008, 7:861-862.

234. Abdulhaqq SA, Weiner DB: DNA vaccines: developing new strategies to enhance immune responses. Immunol Res 2008, 42:219-232.

235. Yan J, Yoon H, Kumar S, Ramanathan MP, Corbitt N, Kutzler M, Dai A, Boyer JD, Weiner DB: Enhanced cellular immune responses elicited by an engineered HIV-1 subtype B consensus-based envelope DNA vaccine. Mol Ther 2007, 15:411-421.

236. von Gegerfelt AS, Rosati M, Alicea C, Valentin A, Roth P, Bear J, Franchini G, Albert PS, Bischofberger N, Boyer JD, et al.: Long-lasting decrease in viremia in macaques chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 after therapeutic DNA immunization. J Virol 2007, 81:1972-1979.

237. McMurry JA, Kimball S, Lee JH, Rivera D, Martin W, Weiner DB, Kutzler M, Sherman DR, Kornfeld H, De Groot AS: Epitope-driven TB vaccine development: a streamlined approach using immuno-informatics, ELISpot assays, and HLA transgenic mice. Curr Mol Med 2007, 7:351-368.

238. Laddy DJ, Yan J, Corbitt N, Kobinger GP, Weiner DB: Immunogenicity of novel consensus-based DNA vaccines against avian influenza. Vaccine 2007, 25:2984-2989.

239. Jalah R, Rosati M, Kulkarni V, Patel V, Bergamaschi C, Valentin A, Zhang GM, Sidhu MK, Eldridge JH, Weiner DB, et al.: Efficient systemic expression of bioactive IL-15 in mice upon delivery of optimized DNA expression plasmids. DNA Cell Biol 2007, 26:827-840.

240. Chong SY, Egan MA, Kutzler MA, Megati S, Masood A, Roopchard V, Garcia-Hand D, Montefiori DC, Quiroz J, Rosati M, et al.: Comparative ability of plasmid IL-12 and IL-15 to enhance cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by a SIVgag plasmid DNA vaccine and alter disease progression following SHIV(89.6P) challenge in rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2007, 25:4967-4982.

241. Calarota SA, Weiner DB, Lori F, Lisziewicz J: Induction of HIV-specific memory T-cell responses by topical DermaVir vaccine. Vaccine 2007, 25:3070-3074.

242. Boyer JD, Robinson TM, Kutzler MA, Vansant G, Hokey DA, Kumar S, Parkinson R, Wu L, Sidhu MK, Pavlakis GN, et al.: Protection against simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) 89.6P in macaques after coimmunization with SHIV antigen and IL-15 plasmid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104:18648-18653.

243. Weiner DB: Introduction to DNA vaccines issue. Vaccine 2006, 24:4459-4460.

244. Weiner DB: Progress in development and testing of novel recombinant vaccine platforms for HIV. Springer Semin Immunopathol 2006, 28:195-196.

245. Schadeck EB, Sidhu M, Egan MA, Chong SY, Piacente P, Masood A, Garcia-Hand D, Cappello S, Roopchand V, Megati S, et al.: A dose sparing effect by plasmid encoded IL-12 adjuvant on a SIVgag-plasmid DNA vaccine in rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2006, 24:4677-4687.

246. Ramanathan MP, Chambers JA, Pankhong P, Chattergoon M, Attatippaholkun W, Dang K, Shah N, Weiner DB: Host cell killing by the West Nile Virus NS2B-NS3 proteolytic complex: NS3 alone is sufficient to recruit caspase-8-based apoptotic pathway. Virology 2006, 345:56-72.

247. Otero M, Calarota SA, Dai A, De Groot AS, Boyer JD, Weiner DB: Efficacy of novel plasmid DNA encoding vaccinia antigens in improving current smallpox vaccination strategy. Vaccine 2006, 24:4461-4470.

248. Muthumani K, Choo AY, Zong WX, Madesh M, Hwang DS, Premkumar A, Thieu KP, Emmanuel J, Kumar S, Thompson CB, et al.: The HIV-1 Vpr and glucocorticoid receptor complex is a gain-of-function interaction that prevents the nuclear localization of PARP-1. Nat Cell Biol 2006, 8:170-179.

249. McCray AN, Ugen KE, Muthumani K, Kim JJ, Weiner DB, Heller R: Complete regression of established subcutaneous B16 murine melanoma tumors after delivery of an HIV-1 Vpr-expressing plasmid by in vivo electroporation. Mol Ther 2006, 14:647-655.

250. Lori F, Weiner DB, Calarota SA, Kelly LM, Lisziewicz J: Cytokine-adjuvanted HIV-DNA vaccination strategies. Springer Semin Immunopathol 2006, 28:231-238.